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Reference

Glossary

Short explanations for key terms. Article pages also show these as hover and tap cards when a term appears in the text.

ahimsa

Non-violence; refraining from harm in thought, word, and deed.

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atman

The innermost self or soul; the eternal essence of a being.

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avatar

A divine descent — the embodiment of God in a worldly form.

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bhakti

Loving devotion to the divine as a path to liberation.

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brahman

The ultimate, formless reality underlying and pervading all existence.

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darshan

The auspicious sight of the divine or a holy person.

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dharma

Righteous duty and the moral order that sustains life and the cosmos.

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guna

One of the three qualities of nature: sattva, rajas, and tamas.

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guṇa

One of the three qualities of nature: sattva, rajas, and tamas.

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guru

A spiritual teacher who guides the seeker from darkness to light.

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itihasa

Epic history — chiefly the Rāmāyaṇa and the Mahābhārata.

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jnana

Knowledge; the path of wisdom and self-realisation.

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karma

Action, and the principle that every action carries consequences.

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mantra

A sacred sound, word, or phrase repeated in prayer or meditation.

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maya

The veiling power that makes the impermanent appear real.

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moksha

Liberation — release from the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra).

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murti

A consecrated image or form of a deity used in worship.

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mūrti

A consecrated image or form of a deity used in worship.

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panchanga

The Hindu almanac of five limbs used to track auspicious times.

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prana

The vital life-force or breath that animates living beings.

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prasad

Food or offering blessed by the divine and shared with devotees.

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purana

Ancient narratives of cosmology, deities, sages, and dynasties.

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rishi

A seer or sage to whom the Vedic hymns were revealed.

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sadhana

Disciplined spiritual practice undertaken toward a goal.

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sampradaya

A living lineage that transmits a particular tradition or teaching.

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samsara

The continuing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

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seva

Selfless service offered without expectation of reward.

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tapas

Austerity and inner heat generated by spiritual discipline.

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tithi

A lunar day in the Hindu calendar (pañcāṅga).

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upanishad

Philosophical texts exploring the self (ātman) and ultimate reality (brahman).

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veda

The oldest scriptures of Sanātana Dharma, regarded as revealed knowledge.

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vedas

The oldest scriptures of Sanātana Dharma, regarded as revealed knowledge.

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yoga

A discipline uniting body, mind, and spirit; skill in action.

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